Fuel cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc
1.
2.

Schematic diagram of microbial electricity generation in an air-cathode microbial fuel cell (A). The air-cathode microbial fuel cell filled with untreated primary clarifier effluent (shown in inset) (B). The microbial fuel cell after completed treatment (C). Anode and air-cathode were connected with a 750 Ω resistor. A Ag/AgCl reference electrode was used for linear sweep voltammetry.
3.

Protein content of the medium in the anode chamber and on the anode of fuel cells inoculated with Shewanella oneidensisMR-1. Protein from planktonic cells was determined after each exchange of the medium. Protein from both planktonic and anode associated cells was determined after termination of the experiment. All fuel cells contained FW medium supplemented with lactate, except the fuel cell with hydrogen, which was supplemented with lactate and no hydrogen until the first medium exchange, and then bubbled with hydrogen without lactate. No third medium exchanged was performed on the fuel cell with defined medium and hydrogen.
4.

(a) Terminal voltages measured at 750 °C as a function of time for the cells with and without / interfaces operated at a constant current density of 500 mA cm−2 with wet (with ~3 v% ) as the fuel. (b) Typical current–voltage characteristics and the corresponding power densities measured at 750 °C for cells with and without / interfaces (after 4 h operation) when wet was used as the fuel and ambient air as the oxidant. (c) Typical current–voltage characteristics and the corresponding power densities measured at 850 and 750 °C for cells with / interfaces when gasified carbon was used as the fuel and ambient air as the oxidant in a fluidized carbon bed-SOFC arrangement.
5.

Colonization of diesel fuel by A. venetianus VE-C3. (a) Light microscopy in the transmission mode, showing aggregates of cells (arrows) before adhesion to the diesel fuel surface after a 6-h incubation at 28°C in mineral medium with 2 g of diesel fuel liter−1. (b) The same image as in panel a but observed by CLSM in the fluorescence mode, obtained by overlapping 20 images scanned every 0.6 μm for a total depth of 12 μm. VE-C3 was stained with ConA-FITC to show polysaccharide residues of glucose and mannose in CPS. Only a fraction of the cells seen in panel a (arrows) have a fluorescent CPS after 6 h of incubation. (c) Transmission mode, showing that the surface tension of a diesel fuel drop colonized by strain VE-C3 decreases and the bacteria at the rim and on top produce elongated and indented shapes after a 12-h incubation. (d) The same image as in panel c but in the fluorescence mode, with the ConA-FITC distribution imaged by CLSM. VE-C3 cells with CPS smear the elongated rim of the diesel fuel drop showing “polysaccharide footprints.” (f) Transmission mode, showing a diesel fuel droplet with a diameter of about 20 μm, with many smaller microdroplets embedded in a microbial aggregate. After a 28-h incubation at 28°C, VE-C3 cells are still attached to diesel fuel droplet. (g) The same image as in panel f but in fluorescence mode with the ConA-FITC distribution imaged by CLSM. The aggregate of cells and diesel fuelmicrodroplets is glued together by a thick polysaccharide matrix excreted by the bacteria.
6.

(a) Typical current–voltage characteristics and the corresponding power densities measured at 750 °C for cells with a configuration of /Ni-YSZ |YSZ| SDC/LSCF when dry was used as the fuel and ambient air as the oxidant. (b) Terminal voltages measured at 750 °C as a function of time for the cells with and without / interfaces operated at a constant current density of 500 mA cm−2 with dry as the fuel. Water was formed on the anode by electrochemical oxidation of dry .
7.

A SEM image of catalyst layers at cathode electrodes applied in PEM fuel cells for Pt-RGO/SiC (a) and a selective-area magnified image (b); A SEM image of catalyst layers at cathode electrodes for PEM fuel cells for Pt/RGO (c) and a selective-area magnified image (d); Fuel cell performance by single cell tests Polarization curves (e) and power density (f) for Pt-RGO/SiC and Pt/RGO electrodes.
8.

The 625 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Reformer System (fuel cell stack is out of view) produces methane from high-sulfur logistics fuel to power the fuel cell stack with an expected efficiency of 47–50%. The system is being land-tested by the Office of Naval Research, and will be installed at the Naval Sea System Command’s engineering facilities in Philadelphia in 2007 for extended testing.
9.

(a) SLFCs used to test the effect n = Acathode/Aanode on fuel cell performance (here for SLFC A1 n = 3.7, SLFC A2 n = 1.39, SLFC A3 n = 0.47) (b) interdigital electrode fuel cells used to test the effect of interface area and oxygen concentration on fuel cell performance. The results represent the average of 3 measurements.